Major developed economies-including the United States, the European Union, and China—play a decisive role in shaping global peace, international trade, and security policy. Their strategies toward international conflicts, economic sanctions, protectionism, foreign aid, and strategic alliances significantly influence global stability. As geopolitical tensions rise and climate change intensifies, the effectiveness of multilateral institutions in promoting cooperation is increasingly tested. Recent policy shifts highlight how economic diplomacy and foreign policy decisions by global powers can either strengthen international order or deepen global divisions. Understanding these dynamics is essential to evaluating whether today’s superpowers are fostering long-term peace or accelerating geopolitical fragmentation.

Environmental Sustainability development, protection and Restoration: challenges for Green EnvironmentBy Dr. Sumona Das, Assistant Professor, Department of Management StudiesEmail: dr.sumonadas@lcit.edu.in Environmental sustainability involves utilizing natural resources to support our current level of consumption without affecting future human generations. It includes concepts such as sustainable development, environmental protection, and restoration. Sustainable development is the attempt to attain equilibrium between development and the environment. However, deforestation, pollution, and global warming are consequences of the rapid rate of industrialization, urbanization, and population growth. The main problem is how to develop with reduced carbon footprint.The protection of the environment encompasses protecting the air, water, soil, and biodiversity of the earth. There are laws and agreements at the global level regarding environmental protection, but poor enforcement of these laws and lack of awareness and profit-oriented activities hinder the protection of the environment. Pollution from plastics, industries, and vehicles is widespread and continues to harm the environment and humans. Restoration is concerned with the rehabilitation of environments that have been harmed through reforestation, soil conservation, and cleaning of polluted water bodies. Despite the hope it offers, restoration takes time and requires funding and community support. In conclusion, developing a green environment necessitates robust policies, awareness, environmentally friendly practices, and global cooperation to create a healthy atmosphere for the present and coming generations.

Patent under the design act 2000 and design rule 2001 Registration Date 13/02/2025 and Date of Issue 21/05/2025 Issuing Agency : Controller General of Patent Design and Trade Mark, the Patent Office Government of India