Major developed economies-including the United States, the European Union, and China—play a decisive role in shaping global peace, international trade, and security policy. Their strategies toward international conflicts, economic sanctions, protectionism, foreign aid, and strategic alliances significantly influence global stability. As geopolitical tensions rise and climate change intensifies, the effectiveness of multilateral institutions in promoting cooperation is increasingly tested. Recent policy shifts highlight how economic diplomacy and foreign policy decisions by global powers can either strengthen international order or deepen global divisions. Understanding these dynamics is essential to evaluating whether today’s superpowers are fostering long-term peace or accelerating geopolitical fragmentation.

